Functions and Commands

Preprocessor Directives

#include -> instructs the compiler to include the contents of a specified file.

<iostream> -> a header file that defines the standard input and output objects = input/output stream

#include <iostream> -> start program with this. Allows program to output and take in data from the 'screen"

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<iomanip> -> Can be sticky or not sticky only valid for one command

Functions and Statements

int -> keyword that indicates that the function returns an integer

main() -> declares the main function of program.

int main() { } -> declares the one and only main function for the program. The braces contain the content of the function.

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std:: -> needed when accessing something from <iostream>

cout << -> outputs the string that follows

\n -> creates a new line

" " -> Defines a string

std::cout << "Some String in C++\n"; -> outputs string in double quotes

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return 0 -> a old way to end a function right before the } closes the function up
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int number1{0}; or int number2{5}; -> a way to initializes variables. | In this case named number1 and number2 which initialize to 0 in the first case and 5 in the second but can be any number.
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setw(num) -> non sticky

setfill -> sticky

Escape sequences

\n -> Position the screen cursor to the beginning of the next line. = Newline

\t -> Move the screen cursor to the next tab stop. = Horizontal tab

\r -> Position the screen cursor to the beginning of the current line; do not advance to the next line. = Carriage return.